Ch 18 Guide Chemical Equilibrium
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This textbook survival guide was created for the textbook: Modern Chemistry: Student Edition 2012, edition: 1. This expansive textbook survival guide covers the following chapters and their solutions.
Madden 18 Guide
Since 52 problems in chapter 18: Chemical Equilibrium have been answered, more than 47308 students have viewed full step-by-step solutions from this chapter. Chapter 18: Chemical Equilibrium includes 52 full step-by-step solutions. Modern Chemistry: Student Edition 2012 was written by Patricia and is associated to the ISBN: 632. Key Chemistry Terms and definitions covered in this textbook. addition reactions Reactions that are characterized by the addition of two groups across a double bond. In the process, the pi (p) bond is broken. alkali metals.
The Group 1A elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr). (2.4). alloy A substance that has the characteristic properties of a metal and contains more than one element. Often there is one principal metallic component, with other elements present in smaller amounts.
Alloys may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. (Section 12.3). Aprotic solvent A solvent that cannot serve as a hydrogen-bond donor; nowhere in the molecule is there a hydrogen bonded to an atom of high electronegativity. Common aprotic solvents are dichloromethane, diethyl ether, and dimethyl sulfoxide. aryl amine An amine in which the nitrogen atom is connected directly to an aromatic ring. calorie A unit of energy; it is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 째C from 14.5 째C to 15.5 째C.
A related unit is the joule: 1 cal = 4.184 J. (Section 5.1). Chain propagation A step in a chain reaction characterized by the reaction of a reactive intermediate and a molecule to give a new reactive intermediate and a new molecule. Chair conformation The most stable nonplanar conformation of a cyclohexane ring; all bond angles are approximately 109.5째, and all bonds on adjacent carbons are staggered. condensed structure A drawing style in which none of the bonds are drawn.
Groups of atoms are clustered together when possible. For example, isopropanol has two CH3 groups, both of which are connected to the central carbon atom, shown like this: (CH3)2CHOH.
Electrophile From the Greek meaning electron loving. Any species that can accept a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond; alternatively, a Lewis acid. first law of thermodynamics A statement that energy is conserved in any process. One way to express the law is that the change in internal energy,?E, of a system in any process is equal to the heat, q, added to the system, plus the work, w, done on the system by its surroundings:?E = q + w. (Section 5.2).
green chemistry Chemistry that promotes the design and application of chemical products and processes that are compatible with human health and that preserve the environment. (Section 18.5). Isotactic polymer A polymer with identical confi gurations (either all R or all S) at all chiral centers along its chain, as, for example, isotactic polypropylene.
plane of symmetry A plane that bisects a compound into two halves that are mirror images of each other. Polar covalent bond A covalent bond between atoms whose difference in electronegativity is between approximately 0.5 and 1.9.
polydentate ligand A ligand in which two or more donor atoms can coordinate to the same metal ion. (Section 23.3).
proton A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. (Section 2.3). rate law An equation that relates the reaction rate to the concentrations of reactants (and sometimes of products also). (Section 14.3). Synstereoselective The addition of atoms or groups of atoms to the same face of a carbon-carbon double bond. vibrational excitation In IR spectroscopy, the energy of a photon is absorbed and temporarily stored as vibrational energy.